Lewis PO, Snow AA (1992) Deterministic paternity exclusion using RAPD markers. Isabel N, Tremblay L, Michaud M et al (1993) RAPDs as an aid to evaluate the genetic integrity of somatic embryogenesis-derived populations of Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. Wilkie SE, Issac PG, Slater RJ et al (1993) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for genetic analysis in allium. Int J Food Sci Technol 35:257–265Īdams RP, Demeke T (1993) Systematic relationships in junipers based on random amplified polymorphic DNA. Mol Ecol 9:229–232īligh HFJ (2000) Detection of adulteration of basmati rice with non-premium long grain rice. Crop Breed Applied Biotechnol 14(1):36–41Ĭongiu L, Chicca M, Cella R et al (2000) The use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to identify strawberry varieties: a forensic application. Rajesh MK, Jerard BA, Preethi P et al (2014) Application of RAPD markers in hybrid verification in coconut. Mailer RJ, Scarth R, Fristensk B et al (1994) Discrimination among cultivars of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) using DNA polymorphism amplified from arbitrary primers. Tinker NA, Fortin MG, Mather DE et al (1993) Random amplified polymorphic DNA and pedigree relationships in spring barley. ![]() Khadari B, Breton C, Moutier N et al (2003) The use of molecular markers for germplasm management in a French olive collection. Maria D, Angela P, Chialexei L et al (2008) Characteristics of RAPD markers inbreeding of Cucumis sativus L. Theor Appl Genet 84:835–838ĭos Santos JB, Nienhuis J, Skroch P et al (1994) Comparison of RAPD and RFLP genetic markers in determining genetic similarity among Brassica oleracea L. Vierling RA, Nguyen HT (1992) Use of RAPD markers to determine the genetic diversity of diploid, wheat genotypes. Institut für Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Robinson JP, Harris SA (1999) Which DNA marker for which purpose. Gupta PK, Roy JK, Prasad M (2001) Single nucleotide polymorphisms: a new paradigm for molecular marker technology and DNA polymorphism detection with emphasis on their use in plants. Powell W, Machray GC, Provan J (1996) Polymorphism revealed by simple sequence repeats. Vos P, Hogers R, Bleaker M et al (1995) AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Williams JG, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ et al (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Simple protocols for these techniques are presented along with the applications of RAPD in genetic diversity analysis, mapping, varietal identification, genetic fidelity testing, etc. The recent improvements in the RAPD technique like arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS), random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO), and random amplified hybridization microsatellites (RAHM) can complement the shortcomings of RAPDs and have enhanced the utility of this simple technique for specific applications. In addition, RAPDs can touch much of the genome and has the advantage that no prior knowledge of the genome under research is necessary. Among many DNA markers available, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is the simplest, is cost-effective, and can be performed in a moderate laboratory for most of its applications. The application of molecular markers largely depends on the type of markers employed, distribution of markers in the genome, type of loci they amplify, level of polymorphism, and reproducibility of products. Molecular markers have contributed significantly in this respect and have been widely used in plant science in a number of ways, including genetic fingerprinting, diagnostics, identification of duplicates and selection of core collections, determination of genetic distances, genome analysis, development of molecular maps, and identification of markers associated with desirable breeding traits. ![]() Knowledge of genetic variation and genetic relationship among genotypes is an important consideration for classification, utilization of germplasm resources, and breeding. Understanding biology and genetics at molecular level has become very important for dissection and manipulation of genome architecture for addressing evolutionary and taxonomic questions.
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